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===> How far is the Earth from Mars?

The distance between two planets can vary widely depending on where they are in their orbits.

	perihelion	aphelion	semimajor-axis
Mars	206.650 (10⁶ km)	249.261 (10⁶ km)	227.956 (10⁶ km)
Earth	147.095 (10⁶ km)	152.100 (10⁶ km)	149.598 (10⁶ km)

Perihelion: the point in a body's orbit closest to the Sun, in 10⁶ kilometers.
Aphelion: the point in a body's orbit furthest from the Sun, in 10⁶ kilometers.
Semimajor-axis: the mean distance from the Sun in 10⁶ kilometers.

Source: Planetary Sciences at the National Space Science Data Center

I can show you some diagrams of the current (or recent) positions of the planets:

Solar System Live (display): easy-to-use fill-out form which produces easy-to-read image of orbits and positions of planets. Good defaults, many options.
Source: Solar System Live
Solar System Orbit Diagrams and Distribution Graphs
- Inner Solar System Orbit Diagrams
- Outer Solar System Orbit Diagrams
Source: JPL Solar System Dynamics
3-D Interactive Solar System: Java applet which shows the orbits and positions of the planets right now. The view can be tilted, rotated, and zoomed in and out.
Source: NASA Liftoff to Space Exploration

Mars

Distance from Earth
	Minimum (10⁶ km)	54.6
	Maximum (10⁶ km)	401.4

Source: Planetary Sciences at the National Space Science Data Center

Mars
Mars is about 34,600,000 mi. (55,700,000 km) away from the Earth at its closest approach.

Source: WorldBook